{"id":8150,"date":"2020-08-29T14:20:03","date_gmt":"2020-08-29T14:20:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/?p=8150"},"modified":"2024-02-16T10:33:47","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T10:33:47","slug":"mobile-network-infrastructure-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/?p=8150","title":{"rendered":"Mobile network infrastructure (Cellular)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The exact infrastructure differentiates between the generations. Let&#8217;s begin with a general overview.<\/p>\n<pre>\r\nMobile Device <-Air-> Access Network <-Wire-> Core Network <-Wire-> PSTN\/Internet\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The access network works as the front end to provide access to the core network.<br \/>\nThe core network works as the back end to realise the logic for the communication.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>I&#8217;ve choosen the 3rd generation for a more detailed look. 3G is also called UMTS, which is based on GSM.<\/p>\n<pre>\r\n     |   Radio Access   |    Core Network    |\r\n     |------------------|--------------------|\r\n     |                  |   Telephone call   |\r\nUE <-|-> NodeB <--\\   \/-|-> MSC  <--> GMSC <-|-> PSTN\r\n     |             \u2193 \u2193  |    \u2193    CS         |\r\nUE <-|----\\        RNC  |---HLR--------------|\r\n     |     \u2193       \u2191 \u2191  |    \u2191    PS         |\r\nUE <-|-> NodeB <--\/   \\-|-> SGSN <--> GGSN <-|-> Internet\r\n     |                  |  IP communication  |\r\n<\/pre>\n<pre>\r\nUE   ... User Equipment                    (Mobile device with (e)SIM)\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\nNodeB                                      (Cell site \/ Base station)\r\nRNC  ... Radio Network Controller          (Base station controller)\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\nCS   ... Circuit Switching (Only one communication on one channel)\r\nMSC  ... Mobile Switching Center           (auth. UE + sets up connection)\r\nGMSC ... Gateway Mobile Switching Center   (Gateway to the PSTN)\r\nPSTN ... Public Switched Telephone Network (Telephone line network)\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\nPS   ... Packet Switching (Multiple communications on one channel)\r\nSGSN ... Serving GPRS Support Node         (auth. UE + sets up connection)\r\nGPSN ... Gateway GPRS Support Node         (Gateway to the internet (NAT))\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\nHLR  ... Home Location Register            (Database of registered users)\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The exact infrastructure differentiates between the generations. Let&#8217;s begin with a general overview. Mobile Device Access Network Core Network PSTN\/Internet<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8150"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8150"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16788,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8150\/revisions\/16788"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8150"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8150"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.max-sperling.bplaced.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}