Coffee basics

Coffea species (Selection)

Arabica Robusta
Market 60-80% 20-40%
Taste Sweeter More bitter
Caffeine Lower Higher
Altitude Above 1000 m Below 700 m

Filter Coffee Espresso Caffè Crema
Developed 16th century (modernized 1908) Late 19th century (modernized 1947) Mid 20th century
Serving size Large cup Small cup Medium cup
Brewing time Slow Fast Fast
Roast level Light to medium Dark Medium to dark
Grind size Coarse to medium Fine Coarser than espresso
Brewing pressure None (gravity) High High

Espresso drinks (Selection)

Drink Ingredients
Americano Espresso + Hot water
Macchiato Espresso + Milk foam
Latte Espresso + Steamed milk + Milk foam
Flat White Like Latte, but less Steamed milk and less Milk foam
Cappuccino Like Latte, but less Steamed milk and more Milk foam
Latte Macchiato Like Latte, but milk first, espresso poured on top
Mocha Chocolate + Espresso + Steamed milk (+ Whipped cream)
White Mocha Like Mocha, but with white chocolate